Young men, primarily Kabyles (Berber ethnic group members), contributed labour
in the building of French towns and agricultural exploitations in the
metropolis's Mediterranean littorals (mainly Marseille). Migrant workers from
Algeria formed a settlement in the city. These labourers established a network
that eased their access to work, Algerian news, and the maintenance of cultural
and religious traditions in France. It was impossible to estimate the number of
this population since Algerians were not separated from French and were simply
referred to as "workers from Algeria." In 1912, a census
projected that 4,000 to 5,000 Algerians lived in France, with around 1,000 of
them residing in Paris. Because they provided good and inexpensive labour, they
had become an important element of France's agricultural, industrial, and urban
sectors. After the First World War, the number of people migrating to France
rose. Between 1914 and 1918, the French army recruited about 100,000 Algerian
labourers and over 175,000 colonial troops. However, following the war, many of
these labourers and soldiers were returned to their colonies by governmental
authorities.
Algerians had French nationality, so they were not considered foreigners;
however, they did not have the same rights as French citizens: the human common
right applied to French citizens, whereas the Muslim Malékite right applied to
Muslim people because the Muslim right was "revealed" (by God) and
could not be improved by one human: Muslim judges enforced Muslim rights to
Muslim persons, notwithstanding the fact that the latter were in French
jurisdiction.
This distinction did not apply to Algerians who had the right to settle in
(metropolitan) France: such Algerians had the same rights as French citizens,
and Algerian law was never applicable in France.
Migratory flows from Algeria to the city were first restricted. Algerian
migrants were required to provide job contracts, evidence of savings, health
certificates, and photo ID cards. The vast majority of these migrants were
young males searching for jobs. Many Algerian officials, businesses, and
colonists began to worry about the colony's Algerian work supply being drained
and began to protest this strong migratory trend. In France, official
authorities sought to aid and protect its "Muslim people" by erecting
the Great Mosque of Paris in 1926, the French Muslim hospital in 1935, and the
Muslim cemetery in 1937. These measures were regarded to be a cover for
specific objectives to regulate and monitor the immigrant community. To achieve
these goals, the Service of North African Indigenous Affairs (SAINA) was established
in 1925. The SAINA fostered the growth of nationalist and anti-colonialist
beliefs within the Algerian society. Messali Hadj established the North African
Star in Paris in June 1926. These militants opposed the colonial system and
advocated for Algeria's and the other Maghreb nations' independence (Morocco
and Tunisia). In January 1937, the North African Star was decommissioned by the
Popular Front. The Star returned on May 11, 1939, under the banner of the
Algerian People's Party, which was eventually banned in September 1939.
Algerians fought with the French throughout WWII, opposing Nazi powers and
aiding in the liberation of France. Algerians wanted independence from France
following the end of the fighting during the Algerian War. During the eight years
of conflict, the city's Algerian population increased from 211,000 in 1954 to
350,000 in 1962. However, the violence against the "Muslim
population" has only become worse. The French army created forbidden zones
in which Algerian refugees were reassembled and placed under military
monitoring. Around 2 million Algerians were reorganised by the army.
Furthermore, Algerian migrants laboured in the most arduous, dangerous, and
low-paying jobs. Finally, on October 17, 1961, 11,538 people were detained and
nearly 100 were slain during a demonstration planned by the Front of National
Liberation. Nonetheless, Algerians continued to relocate to the city, staying
longer and bringing their entire families with them. In 1954, there were 7,000
Algerian households, and by 1962, there were 30,000.
Algerians gained independence on July 5, 1962. Algerian independence saw an
increase in the number of its young people migrating to France. Algerians'
experience in France during the late 1970s and early 1980s, on the other hand,
was marked by prejudice and violent violence. During these decades, racial
murders by police were a recurring occurrence. Many protests and initiatives
were formed in reaction, particularly in Paris, Marseille, and Lyon, notably
Zaâma d'Banlieue in Lyon's suburbs and Rock Against Police in Paris's suburbs,
throughout these decades.
This is an issue that is sometimes disregarded
in a culture that values tolerance and respect. With my articles, I have
discussed and demonstrated my perspective on several socioeconomic issues
around the world. This month, I revised the format of my several articles
dealing with significant issues that explain the origins of this type of
prejudice, such as history and languages.
SOURCES
Comprendre
les migrations | Musée de l’histoire de l’immigration. (n.d.). Comprendre Les
Migrations | Musée de l’histoire de l’immigration; www.histoire-immigration.fr.
Retrieved March 30, 2022, from
https://www.histoire-immigration.fr/comprendre-les-migrations
Traité
élémentaire de droit musulman algérien (école malékite) : spécialement
rédigé sur le cours oral fait à l'École de droit d'Alger à l'usage des candidats
au certificat inférieur de législation algérienne et de coutumes indigènes.
Tome 1 / par E. Zeys,... , auteur : Zeys, Ernest (1835-1909) ,
Éditeur : A. Jourdan (Alger) , Date d'édition : 1885-1886
gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6214400k
Revue algérienne et tunisienne de législation et de jurisprudence / publiée par
l'École de droit d'Alger Auteur : Ecole de droit (Alger) Éditeur :
Typographie A. Jourdan (Alger) Date d'édition : 1886
gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6582180m/f654.item
Comments
Post a Comment